Negotiations and Alternate Dispute Mechanism

Alternative Dispute resolution encompasses distinct forms of dispute resolution through arbitration and mediation. Arbitration is a method of dispute resolution involving one or more neutral third parties who are usually agreed to by disputing parties and whose decision is binding.[1] Arbitration generally proceeds in a similar fashion to that of the court with opening statements, the presentation of witnesses and evidence, cross-examination, and closing arguments. Arbitrators then decide cases based on the evidence, and their decision is final binding on the parties. Mediation on the other hand is an informal dispute process in which the third party – the mediator helps disputing parties to reach an agreement. A mediator, unlike the arbitrator, has no power to impose his decisions on the parties. Therefore, the mediator’s role is to bring the parties closer together through discussions of weaknesses in the case for both sides, in an effort to convince each to settle the dispute. Arbitration and mediation are voluntary mechanisms- that is the parties are only required to mediate or arbitrate if they agree to do so. The absence of such an agreement will see the parties go to the court of law; therefore the parties in contention cannot be hauled into private mediation and arbitration against their will. It is at the disposal of the parties to decide how they will go about to do it. Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms have advantageous such that they are cheaper and quicker than court proceeding and permit parties to resolve their differences more efficiently. Studies have shown that arbitration proceedings in the employment discrimination area to take an average of 8.6 months to be resolved, whereas the average court cases involving alleged employment discrimination takes almost two years.[2] This has seen businesses and employees placing mediation and arbitration in the employment contracts or agreements thus discrimination conflicts can be solved amicably without going to the court of law. Arbitration Arbitration proceedings are like informal court proceedings. They take place in conference room and not in the courtrooms at date scheduled by the parties. In African traditional setting arbitration proceedings take place under a tree called a baraza[3]. Generally during the proceedings of the arbitration the parties select a particular rule to apply to the arbitration and are free to modify such rules by agreement. The reason parties prefer arbitrations to court is because they are more streamlined and friendly. Discoveries in arbitrations tend to be less comprehensive and persistent, with arbitrators frequently imposing limits on the number of depositions each party can take. The arbitrators equally understand that the parties select arbitration in part to avoid the cost of court proceeding and issue rulings considering these goals. While arbitrators make evidentiary rulings and can bar evidence and testimony they deem improper, arbitration rules generally shun strict compliance with rules of evidence.[4]   In conforming to the informal nature of the Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms, the arbitrators generally make mistake on the side of admitting all the evidence and when they are weight to particular testimony and exhibits. Therefore due to the informal nature the arbitration process give a loophole for some biasness in the process of making decision among the arbitrators. Unless parties’ arbitration provides otherwise, arbitrators generally are chosen with the help of designated arbitration organization. The process entails the organization submitting names of the arbitrators to the parties then the parties will strike the names they consider lowly ranked. The highly ranked names by the parties will be then asked to arbitrate the dispute. Various formats of arbitration can be highlighted in this sense. Most traditional is for a single arbitrator to act as the judge of the case, that is, to preside over trial and then issue a ruling based on the evidence. This varies slightly from the use of panel of arbitrators –rather than a single arbitrator- to hear a dispute. A single arbitrator handles small to medium-sized disputes, with a panel of arbitrators used to solve more complicated disagreements. Sometimes parties can decide the number of arbitrators they want in resolving their dispute. Parties can also select other forms for arbitrating dispute. For instance, parties can use â€Å"baseball-style† of arbitration where the one party, which table its proposal for example of a salary to a panel of arbitrators and the employer for example, tables his/ her proposal too.[5] Then the arbitrators go through each party’s proposal and come up with an amicable figure or solution to the dispute. This is a case where the winner takes it all since the arbitrators do not have the ability to split their decision but to choose one side’s proposal. This kind of scenario is equally done in business settings where each party endeavors to offer the best possible offer, as the more aggressive a party’s submission, the less likely it is to be chosen by the arbitrator. Another variation from traditional arbitration is the so-called â€Å"Party arbitrators†. This is contrary to the traditional arbitrators who are unbiased and must be free of conflict of interest. Parties’ arbitrators are not neutral and instead are appointed by one of the parties. In this case each party appoints its arbitrator to join a third neutral arbitrator who serves as the chairperson of the panel. This can be depicted in sport disputes, which handle players’ grievances, for example. This form of arbitration is also common in boarder labor environment, with a union and management each appointing its own chosen representative to join a neutral chairperson. Party arbitrators complicate the process of reaching an amicable solution to a problem because the representatives of the parties of course support the position of the parties that appointed them. Some even go ahead and act  Ã‚   as advocates by questioning witnesses. In this effect, arbitrations involving party arbitrators tend to hinge on the vote of the lone neutral arbitrator, with the two party arbitrators generally ruling in favor of the party that appointed them. Mediation Mediation, on the other hand, entails the effort of a single and neutral party- the mediator- to act as an intermediary between parties to help them resolve disputes. Most of the mediation proceedings are nonbonding with the mediator having no authority to compel the parties to reach a resolution. In this sense the mediator considers each parties point of view and their reasons in the light of settling the dispute. This therefore is a case where a skillful and a man of high integrity can act as a broker between the parties and help each party to see the case from a neutral perspective. The mediator can save the parties time and money by pushing them to accomplish their resolution in a day what would have taken weeks and months. Mediation comes in various facets. One form of mediation is the facilitative mediation. In this form the mediator uses the best efforts to convince each side the reasons to settle. The mediator does this by highlighting the weakness of its case, the strengths in its adversary’s case, the cost of litigation, the downside risk of not prevailing, and any other factors that the mediator believes the parties should focus on in properly assessing the case. A good mediator- by the fact that he/she is respected by both the parties- can be suited to soften each side’s position. He can ascertain the strongest and weakest points in each side’s case and may be able to advance each side’s position with the opposing party. Facilitative mediation sessions begin in a conference room where the mediator and the all parties are present. Each parties counsel is given an opportunity to make an opening statement in support of its case (the party’s case). After this opening statement, the parties break into different rooms, separately meeting with the mediator who shuttle back and forth to bring the parties closer. The mediator tries to convince the defendant when he is in the defendant’s room and give him the reasons for not pursing further the case. The mediator also brings out the expenses that the two parties will incur in the process of fighting in the case. He shows how difficult it would to prove her case. In facilitative mediation the mediator does not formally evaluate the case or promote any particular settlement. His goal is to find areas of potential compromise between the parties, and creatively search for a resolution acceptable to each party. On the other hand evaluative mediation, the mediator does not only facilitate the discussions between the parties but also evaluates the claims in the issue. The mediator in this examines the case, by looking at the pleadings and damages modes and arrives at specific recommended settlement- based on his assessment of the likely result of the prospective trial. Even if this does not lead to  Ã‚   an immediate settlement, it may focus on the parties on middle ground and form the starting point for negotiations in the ensuing days. As in the case of facilitative mediation the mediator ought to be a person of integrity in the society if not so no party will accept his judgment thus making the whole exercise to be in futility. There is also the kind of mediation referred to as binding mediation. This is where the mediator not only evaluates the parties but also ultimately imposes a settlement on the parties. This method is less prevalent since it the mediator takes the position similar to the judge at the law court. Parties prefer to discuss through their dispute but not to trust third parties. So instead of taking this form of mediation, parties just decide to go for full-blown trial. In preparation of mediation sessions, as an initial matter the selection of the mediator is very important. In most instances it is the parties that select the mediators. It is important to choose a mediator respected not only by one side but the two sides.   The goal of the of mediation is to use the mediator as an instrument to prod the other side to settle on favorable terms, and only a respected mediator   is likely to have that ability. In the preparation of mediation process the parties concerned have to prepare and submit confidential mediation statement in support of their position in the case. The statements are confidential and only accessible to the mediator and not to the other party. They are meant to orient the mediator in the case so that he can be a more effective intermediary.   The mediators’ objective is to reach settlement- and not to reach the result he believes is most equity- and he is mostly likely to succeed if he knows in advance what potholes to avoid. Negotiations In the endeavor to negotiate effectively, negotiators require a thorough knowledge of client’s case. They also have to know their clients priorities with the respect to the item in dispute. Negotiations require tact and skills, the understanding of the personalities and interests at play, and the trust and respect of the other side. The main mistake in negotiating is to be caught in a bluff, threatening to take certain action then not following through. Once this happens, it diminishes the opposing side’s trust in the counsel and makes favorable settlement far more difficult settlement far more difficult to achieve going forward. Negotiations sometimes can be long so synchronizing the negotiations is paramount for the success of the processes.[6] Generally, a claimant will make a demand before ever initiating alternative dispute response mechanism; it is the respondent’s rejection of this demand that leads to arbitration. Most arbitration organizations offer voluntary mediation to the parties and arbitrators. Thus effective counsel advocates never fully  Ã‚   give up on the possibility of settlement, even if a negotiation resolution does not seem realistic in the near term.   Effective negotiations require careful preparation by counsel. The main element of negotiations is to accurately express a client’s view of the case and properly set opposing counsel’s expectations. None of the mechanisms of resolving disputes –arbitration, mediation or private negotiation are exclusive and independent on their own. Therefore none can work without the backing of the other. If for instance a counsel is doing her job properly, she is not just focused on arbitrating or just on negotiating; rather, she is at all time considering the best and most efficient way to get her client form the point of dispute to a satisfactory resolution. If the counsel feels that there is another good mediator who will help to bridge the gap between the parties then she should steer the case toward mediation. Works Cited Lewis, Maltby. Private Justice: Employment Arbitration and Civil Rights, 30 COLUM.HUM.REV.29, 55 (1998) Wax, Robert. Staying Out of Court: Using Alternative Dispute Resolution Can Save Time and Money. Journal (2006) Whittlesey, Dave. Baseball-Style Arbitration: Don’t Strike Out, Broadcasting & Cable (Jan. 30, 2006). [1] See Black’s Law Dictionary [2] See Lewis L. Maltby, Private Justice: Employment Arbitration and Civil Rights, 30 COLUM.HUM.REV.29, 55 (1998) [3] Baraza- a meeting of elders aimed at arbitrating a conflict in East Africa. [4] The parties may offer such evidence as is relevant to the dispute and shall produce such evidence as the arbitrator may deem necessary to an understanding and determination of the dispute. Conformity to legal rules of evidence shall not be necessary. [5] See R. Rabin and D. Whittlesey, Baseball-Style Arbitration: Don’t Strike Out, Broadcasting & Cable (Jan. 30, 2006). [6] See Wax, Robert. staying Out of   Court: using Alternative Dispute Resolution can Save Time and Money (2006)

Cost Club Human Resources Department

Scenario Two: Cost Club Human Resources Department University of Phoenix Carlos Flores HRM/546 Human Resource Law Instructor: Christopher Fletcher February 26, 2010 Abstract The new assistant manager (AM) receives an e-mail from his the HR manager Pat Fletcher requesting downsizing the HR department from eight employees to five. He wants recommendations of the three selected employees to be terminated. An explanation of what principles of employment laws that might apply to the three employees. What action should management take in preparation if any of the three employee file discrimination case and chances of the company win. Recommended Employees Indentified for termination I have identified the employee for termination based on their work experience and job function that could be assimilated by the rest of the five remaining employees in the Human resource (HR) department. The following are: †¢Diane/Ten years of service- records specialist handling the health care issues and compensation matters for the company. Greg/Five years of service- have learned to do complex work however, not trained in real HR work. He has helped in the tech hiring process for the company. †¢Horatio/Six months of service- has been place in the HR department and has learned the basic of health and insurance however, not a full experienced employee in this area. The three employees identified are 2 male and one female. The principle employment law that are relevant to all three employee s is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964- which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Possible Discrimination case against Cost Club The possible three types of discrimination cases filed from any of the identified employees would be: †¢Race Discrimination-Horatio is Hispanic and the newest member of the HR department. He would have to prove because he is Hispanic and limited English language that the company is terminating him because of this factor. Another fact would be that he was hired based on a settlement with the EEO case and not following up with our commitment. I see this second part would not have any grounds because the company gave him an opportunity and hired him. The company in good faith placed him avoid any conflict among other company employees to place him in an office environment instead learning HR practices. He submitted an application to work in one of the stores. I view both facts non relevant because we did hire him and have placed him in a position which he did not apply for and he accepted the position and training we have given him on site†¦ †¢Gender Discrimination-Diane is female and has been with the company for some time. Diane would have to prove that we are terminating her because she is female. This would be very hard to prove because we have not discriminated based on gender and there are two other employees male and one of them is minority in the process of being terminated. Another fact is that the HR department has two other female employees. Diane is also aware that she had a minor attendance performance where we worked with her and still kept her with the company. The company also has other females working in the stores and this indicates that we do not discriminate against gender. Religious Discrimination-Greg cannot work on weekends due to his religious beliefs. He may try to file discrimination because he cannot work on weekends due to his religious beliefs. This would be difficult to prove because the company has respected and have made provisions to accommodate for him to be off on all weekends compared to the rest of the HR department that has to work on weekends when needed. The company would win in such case because we have provided attention to his needs. Management actions and Incorporating legal references Top management and the HR department should work together and be ready for any discrimination claims that any of the three recommended employee might file claims due to their termination. The HR department should meet with each of them in private in our office to explain the reasons why the company has decided to terminate them. We should explain to each employee the laws that the company follows and that the terminations is based on our economy, cost factors and reduction in workforce. Since each employee can file a different discrimination case by providing the reasons and the company projections they should understand fully of the current company situation. We should explain to them that their position will be eliminated and taken over by the more experience remaining employees in the HR department. The company should give all three each employee’s advance notice of termination so they can make necessary arrangements in seeking employment elsewhere. The HR department should provide all information as to their rights, benefits with documentation to the labor department so they can take advantage of unemployment benefits. Since this termination is beyond our control we should ensure that the process is done in a timely and professional positive manner. The HR department should have in our meeting with the employees documentation signed by all in acknowledgement of the company decision and their acceptance. In the case that one of the employee’s do not agree further explanation and any references of any government agency if needed. Discrimination charge response process The process we should follow in even the one of the employees file a discrimination case would be the following: †¢Listen to the employee and assure them the company understands their thoughts. †¢Prepare all documentation on the employee as to name, date for hire, performance reports etc. being ready in advance of such claim. †¢Consult with our legal team in the event the employee wants to fight the claim in legal battle. †¢We should cooperate fully with any claims from the federal agency on any investigation, documentation if we get notification on any discrimination case files by the employee being terminated. The HR department will retain five of the eight employees due to their years of experience with the company and some of them have already assumed a management role to support the department. The remaining employees can assume the new duties in a very short time with no negative impact toward the company mission and goals. The following employees will be recommended to stay in the HR department: Abigail, Brad, Charles, Edith and Frank. Comparison Table Employee Name Employment YearsCompany Human Resource ExperienceRecommendation to remain in HRRecommendation for termination Abigail – 7 HR Experience / Management roleRemain Brad – 35 HR Experience / Management roleRemain Charles – 20HR Experience / Recruitment roleRemain Edith – 25HR Experience / Employee RetentionRemain Frank – 15HR Experience / Multiple HR rolesRemain Diane – 10HR Experience / Insurance Compensation roleTerminate Employment Greg – 5 LimitedTerminate Employment Horatio – 6 monthsLimitedTerminate Employment References Bennett-Alexander, D. D. & Hartman, P. L. (2007). Employment law for business (5th Ed. ). New York: McGraw–Hill. Retrieved February 26, 2010

The Horror And Thematic Thrill Of The Zombie - 1288 Words

As a public discourse, popular narrative engages with social issues expressing a collective critique encouraging or discouraging social conformity. As Drezner states, â€Å"pop culture can have an â€Å"informing effect† of calling attention to and framing a particular problem. Popular culture can also have an â€Å"enabling effect† of providing shorthand references that trigger awareness of a problem† (Drezner 831). Beneath the horror and thematic thrill of the zombie film franchise, the zombie as a figure in popular culture has an enabling effect in providing awareness to society on a mass level. On the figure of the zombie, Kirk states that, â€Å"in my own case this creature talks a lot about consciousness, which it apparently regards as a deep†¦show more content†¦The narrative of McDonald’s film, Pontypool, displays the power of linguistics and opinion within the public sphere. The vehicle of the illness is unorthodox and unique for the z ombie genre but does not take away from its society commentary expressing the importance of counter-public discourse that challenges the legitimacy of the public opinion. In commonality with the genre, in McDonald’s film, they share a sense of unconsciousness, which as stated by Drezner, â€Å"Both informing and enabling effects highlight the positive ways that the living dead can be expropriated as a metaphor to spark interest in new ideas. The moment zombies are added into the, a dry public policy problem suddenly becomes a rollicking argument accessible to ordinary citizens.† (Drezner 833). Through the representation of the zombie in McDonald’s film, the mind of private opinion masses into the public sphere as radical thought causing the victim to reform their behavior to that of commonality with the social structure of the zombies. The illness of Pontypool is one that affects the linguistic ability of the victim. The power of words is the catalyst that bring s the epidemic into motion, therefore, as the disease progresses they cannot control their minds. The solution to prevent the virus from infecting further is to disassociate meaning from word and redirect it

A Formalist Analysis Of Williams Othello - 880 Words

A Formalist Analysis of Williams Shakespeare s Othello, reveals a central theme of friendship and loyalty that veils the truth of envy and betrayal. The main antagonist of the play, Iago, appears to have the trust and friendship of every character,as the are unaware of his grim intentions. Iago is described as kind, good, wise and compassionate, as well as loyal and trustworthy. He masks his evil and is able to display innocence as pure as an angel, resulting in easy manipulation. To our main character, Othello, he is an adviser and a most devoted soldier. To the lieutenant, Michael Cassio, Iago is a wise comrade. To his wife, Emilia and the fair Desdemona he is a scoundrel, but as a man, should be respected. And to Roderigo, Iago is a partner in crime. The relationships and faithfulness of each character to another are dependent on how the play unfolds dramatically in each Act. Act I of the play begins with Roderigo and Iago trying to inform Desdemona s father, Brabantio, that she has married the Moor, Othello against his wishes and they were doing unspeakable things. While Roderigo and Iago would not be exactly defined as friends, they are working together for a benefit. Roderigo is in love with Desdemona but her father has refused her and has shared no feelings of the same interest. Iago wants to be Othello s right-hand man instead of his ancient, and it can be inferred that he sees the relationship as a threat or he just wishes Othello no happiness. Iago uses his

Life After Behavior Essay Samples

Life After Behavior Essay Samples The End of Behavior Essay Samples Certain emotions are seen to motivate people to behave ethically, but others are seen to instigate people to behave unethically. A variety of individuals say that how a kid is brought up is very likely to influence the adults they're likely to become arguing that nurture and nature are terrific influencers in determining somebody's personality. There are lots of accounts of such events, and people don't say they get help since they are concerned about appearances, and no reason to suppose they are. There are a few reasons why folks engage from in unhealthy behaviors. Admission requirements provides you with the occasion to select what program you would like to apply to and generates the details required to apply our simple drop down. Establishing order can be hard in massive groups, so it's ideal to move in animals in tiny quantites. Individuals may also predict on the grounds of the experiences acquired. Academic papers play an extremely important part in your academic success. Our professionals are among the very best in the industry, and they can help you compose the perfect essay that exceeds all of your academic expectations. The methodology used here is to deal with each one of the issues mentioned previously, and analyze their situation and inventing a suitable solution for it. Multiple alternative, or a critical elements of excellent sample essays and thinking are very satisfied family! Our service also supplies free essays which is an element of what makes us unmatched. Sometimes people don't get the result they desired with CBT in the brief period of time. Studies show it's unlikely an adolescent who has never been physically aggressive in the past will suddenly have issues with physical aggression later on. Conclusion An individual's health is influenced by various aspects that we've dealt with above. Moreover, practicing healthy behavior in a standard manner al so helps cope with quite a few health difficulties, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, depression, certain kinds of cancer, and arthritis. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. The boys begin to hunt Ralph so he must get a means to address it. Ralph got rescued due to the boys attempting to kill him. He also has to face a lot of difficult situations. The Hidden Treasure of Behavior Essay Samples Getting knowledgeable of what you will do with the behavior after the analysis will be able to help you know the call to actions you require to implement. You might also observe the important analysis. Behavior analysis is utilized to study the fundamentals of behavior in a scientific method. You could also observe the organizational analysis. You can also see needs analysis. You can also see process analysis. Since there are various ways on how behavior analysis can be useful to entities, there are likewise a lot of techniques that can be implemented to gather specific information needed in particular instances where the behavior analysis is going to be used. You can also see business analysis. Introducing Behavior Essay Samples Knowledge acquisition is an ongoing procedure whose roots are the everyday experiences. Every Culture includes a different pattern and meanings. Nature includes the features we will likely inherit via our genes thus the emergence of phrases just like you resemble your mother or father from various individuals surrounding us. Life After Behavior Essay Samples Infants couldn't survive if not cared for, and therefore the instinct is essential for the survival of the species. Furthermore, it is going to explain a few of the theories that Skinner discovered. Added benefits of encouraging an d rewarding positive behaviour in regards to behaviour it can be simple to concentrate on that which we should stop children from doing. When the undesirable behavior happens, the punishment needs to be delivered whenever inappropriate behavior is initiated. Just like when making a root cause analysis where you must recognize the explanations for the occurrence of particular instances, you also need to know the type of behaviors which you would love to analyze within a behavior analysis. Through reflective observation, individuals develop a distinctive thought process that they can use in various scenarios. There's significance in regards to theories and actual processes. It is vital, to understand that actually determine whether a stimulus is reinforcing only after it's been administered contingent on the look of a desired behavior. A History of Behavior Essay Samples Refuted Our service is utilized by students throughout the world. In any organization, knowledge is vital because companies have various functions. In the standard running of various organizations many problems arise because of the complicated situation of managing many individuals. The problems that spring up in the organization can have detrimental consequences on the organization if they're not handled in the right way. Making clear that the individual contribution isn't relevant if the last objective isn't achieved can sound quite obvious, but in the day-to-day routine of companies it's considerable common to locate situations like that. Human beings are unique in the majority of their operations. Looking specific situations on the organization environment from another point of view can cause a highly effective tool.

Fair Trade free essay sample

The aim of this essay is to discuss about the comment made by the Adam Smith Institute (2008) about how ‘The Fair-trade movement achieves virtually nothing in terms of reducing world poverty’. Fair trade is a standard that is set to support the developing countries exports, it is to improve the workers in a developing country’s working conditions, fair payments which help them towards development and planning of their future that may help poverty. It also helps them to sell products to developing countries. Fair trade products come mostly in products such as coffee, chocolate and bananas the packaging mostly shows smiling workers that gives the impression that fair trade is such a worldwide success, however Adam Smith Institute (2008) states that ‘Smiling photos may improve turnover, but they cannot speak for the overall effectiveness of Fair-trade certification as a means of poverty relief’, the majority of fair trade consumers do not actually know the extent to which Fair trade is actively reducing worldwide poverty. Usually, in the traditional market system, commercial buyers buy goods from farmers nd producers, and they pay a immorally low cost for buying those goods in bulk. Which makes it very difficult for producers and farmers to cater to their personal needs. With Fair Trade Certified products, a core price for the goods is set by the international Fair Trade Labeling Organization. The base price endeavors to provide for the cost of production and a living wage to cover the basic necessities such as: food, shelter, clothing, education, and medical care. (Fair Trade Federation, Fair Trade Federation Code of Practice, Fairtradefederation. rg) So what exactly makes the Fair Trade System different? What is Fair Trade exactly? While there is no concrete definition, the movement strives to assist small scale producers, the people who are at the bottom of the economic ladder, who otherwise do not have access to economic mobility. It enables producers partial ownership of the business, equal input and return from the market. The Fair Trade Movement strives to improve quality of life for producers and their community. It allows farmers to obtain a better and stronger ay in the world market because buyers are able to deal directly with the farmers, and the farmers are able to get fair prices for their products in the market. The consumers and producers are insured Fair Trade prices through the Fair Trade USA, which screens importers and retailers to guarantee that they abide by Fair Trade rules and regulations. The Fair Trade price of a specific good is computed to cover the cost of both sustainable production and livelihood. The Fair Trade Movement also cuts the amount of distribution channels involved in marketing the good. This means that, essentially, the middle man is cut which allows the producers to receive a larger share from the price of the good. Additionally, for every Fair Trade product sold the collaborator also collects a set amount of money, called the social premium, which is then reinvested into community development projects democratically chosen by the cooperative. (Fairtrade Foundation, The Fairtrade Premium, fairtrade. org. uk) There are many examples of Fair Trade development projects such as: building of health are clinics and schools, starting scholarship funds, fund low-interest loans for farmers and workers, building housing and providing leadership training and womens empowerment programs. Workers are also guaranteed freedom of association and sate working conditions, entorcement ot human rights and child labor laws as well as encouragement of womens participation in leadership of cooperatives. Fair trade also increases environmental protection. Fair Trade helps farmers become better caretakers of the land they work and live on. Their nvironmental standards are one of the strictest in the industry. (FairTradeUSA, What is Fair Trade? Environment, fairtradeusa. rg) Traditionally, farmers are forced to participate in methods that harm the land and surrounding ecosystems, such as: deforestation, erosion, use of harmful toxins, and disposal of pollutants into the water supply. With Fair Trade Certification, producer organizations must adhere to baseline environmental standards. Some core requirements are: No use of GMOs, Control of pests in a safe and sustainable way, Safely handling and storing grochemicals, and enhancing the soil by applying sustainable irrigation practices. FairTrade USA, Environmental Standards, fairtradeusa. org) When farmers and organizations comply with the Fair Trade environmental standards, they protect the environment and increase the quality of their products. Fair Trade is still a fairly new movement, but it has been creating an increasingly larger influence within recent years. It improves the quality of life for workers by increasing pay and using the Fair rade Premium to reinvest into improving their community through projects. t also protects the environment by having farmers and organizations adhere to environment guidelines. Fair Trade allows consumers to buy products that follow their values. Farmers will no longer be paid a low prices for their goods, and will be able to cater to their own personal needs. At the end of t he day, Fair Trade works to end poverty in developing countries, improve quality of life, and protect the environment, and that should be enough reason to have all products Fair Trade Certified.

The lion the witch and the wardrobe Essay Example For Students

The lion the witch and the wardrobe Essay The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe The main characters in this story are Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy. During a war in London they were sent to a professors house outside London. Lucy, while exploring with her brothers and sister, found a secret passage through the wardrobe to Naria,a secret world. In Naria there are other characters. One of them is the White Witch,also known as the Queen of Naria, who was like a tyrant. If anyone disobeyed her she turned them to stone. Another character Aslan, a lion, saved Naria from the rule of the White Witch. Most of this story takes place in Naria. The main conflict is how Naria can live under the rule of the White Witch. The Beavers set out to take Peter, Susan, and Lucy (not Edmund because he went to the witch ) to the four thrones so they ( four children united ) can rule over Naria and destroy the witch. The Beavers and the three children were walking in the snow because there it was always winter. Although it was always winter Christm as never arrived. After they awoke the next day they saw Father Christmas who gave them gifts.Mrs. Beaver received a new sewing machine. Mr. Beavers dam was fixed and finished. Peter was given a shield and sword. Susan received a bow, arrows, and a horn. Lucys gift was a bottle of healing juice and a dagger. that was the climax of the book because the spell of the White Witch was fading. Then they met up with Aslan and he freed all the stone figures and made them his army. The resolution of the book is when Aslans army and the witches army confront and Aslans army wins. Peter kills the witch at the end of the battle. The impression I got from this book is that Naria is a land of surprises and Im excited that this years assignment will allow me to read more of The Chronicles of Naria . I liked this book because of the surprising events like when Aslan died then came back to life. I would recommend this book to someone more or less at my reading level because I found this book neith er difficult nor easy and simple. Bibliography: We will write a custom essay on The lion the witch and the wardrobe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now